{"schemaVersion":"1.0","id":"https://www.drknyt.com/methods.json","canonicalUrl":"https://www.drknyt.com/methods","title":"DRKNYT methods and design principles","version":"2026-10-19.3","updated":"2026-10-19","classification":"public-editorial-working-guide","publisher":"DRKNYT","description":"DRKNYT methods for clear, inclusive experiences: keyboard access, sign-in, human and machine readability, consent, performance and discoverability. Includes a glossary and standards guide.","scope":"A working guide for new work and scoped improvements. Older surfaces may still need to catch up. It describes our practice and targets, not independently certified status or universal conformance.","authority":"First-party explanation of practice and targets; not an independent attestation.","methods":[{"title":"Say clearly what this is and what it does.","body":"The headline should carry the meaning. Body copy adds context. A person should be able to skim a page and understand the offer, the current stage and the next step.","avoid":"Metaphorical headlines that leave the useful explanation in tiny captions."},{"title":"Explain shortened and specialist language beside the words.","body":"Spell out an acronym or provide a plain-language term note where it appears. Give hard words, technical phrases and unfamiliar standards the same treatment. A short definition should answer the immediate question; a source link can open the fuller explanation without interrupting the main task.","avoid":"Making people leave the page to decode essential instructions, using a glossary that is harder than the original term, or assuming a familiar abbreviation is familiar to everyone."},{"title":"Make the first screen useful. Bring detail on demand.","body":"The fold is the edge of the first visible screen, and it changes with the device. Use that first view to establish the purpose and main choice. Data on demand means bringing forward the relevant data when it is needed, instead of loading or presenting everything upfront.","avoid":"A full screen of atmosphere before the purpose becomes clear, or making everyone load a large dataset to answer a small question. Material conditions still belong before the decision."},{"title":"Ask for the least effort the task needs.","body":"Minimum friction means fewer unnecessary fields, repeated explanations, detours and interruptions. Judge the whole task, not just the number of clicks. Keep the steps that protect a person’s choice, privacy or work.","avoid":"Repeated sign-ins without a reason, asking for the same information twice, or removing a meaningful consent or confirmation just to shorten a flow."},{"title":"Make the complete task work from the keyboard.","body":"Keep Tab and Shift+Tab in a clear order and make focus easy to see. Enter should continue or submit where a native form does; Space should activate native buttons and controls. A modal should keep focus while open, close with Escape and return focus to the control that opened it. Multiline fields keep Enter for a new line. No one should become trapped or need a mouse to finish.","avoid":"Hiding focus, changing the expected meaning of Enter inside text fields, inventing keyboard behavior for native controls, or moving focus without a clear reason."},{"title":"Reduce sign-in friction without blurring the security model.","body":"Ask people to prove only what the task requires and explain the method in plain language. DRKNYT currently uses email magic links for its public Profile journey. OIDC can provide federated sign-in, and passkeys can provide passwordless public-key sign-in, but they are different technologies and are not current DRKNYT features merely because this guide explains them.","avoid":"Calling every sign-in method passwordless, treating OAuth authorization as identity by itself, claiming a planned provider is live, or removing an access check only to shorten the flow."},{"title":"Make consent specific to the choice.","body":"Explain what someone is agreeing to, what will be used and who can see it. Permission to send something for private review should not quietly become permission to publish it or use it for a new purpose.","avoid":"Treating a public image, an upload or a general sign-up as permission for every later use."},{"title":"Show the information that changes a decision.","body":"Put material prices, limits, access conditions and image disclosures beside the relevant content or action. Supporting details can unfold on request; the fact that changes the decision belongs in view.","avoid":"Hiding a consequential condition in fine print, a tooltip or a collapsed panel."},{"title":"Make links go where they say.","body":"A project card opens the project or its own page. “All work” opens the overview. We do not use buttons or links just to jump to another spot on the same page, except clearly labeled Skip utilities or Back to top controls.","avoid":"A button promising an experience and delivering only a scroll. “View,” “request,” “submit” and “buy” mean different things."},{"title":"Use a modal (a focused window over the page).","body":"We generally prefer a normal page for reading and a modal for a short task or an important confirmation. A dialog needs a clear title, usable keyboard focus and an obvious way to close it and return.","avoid":"Interruptions for their own sake, a stack of dialogs, or required policies and brand credits hidden inside one."},{"title":"Keep the identity intact.","body":"A lockup is a deliberate arrangement of the mark and wordmark. Use the source artwork, preserve its proportions and clear space, and check that it remains recognizable at the size people actually see.","avoid":"Typing out an imitation logo, stretching the artwork or shrinking a brand credit until it disappears."},{"title":"Show the real thing when the real thing matters.","body":"Use a current website capture to show a website. Use the actual product or permissioned photography when someone needs to inspect it. Concept imagery has a place, with a disclosure when its nature changes the meaning.","avoid":"Invented interfaces presented as working products, generated scenes presented as evidence, or crops that remove essential context."},{"title":"Include the people a default can leave out.","body":"Consider disability, language, identity, age, device, bandwidth and situation. Include people affected by a design in research and review. Keyboard access, screen-reader structure, captions, useful image descriptions, zoom and reduced-motion support belong in the work. Record assumptions until they are tested.","avoid":"Treating one imagined “average user” as everyone, representation as proof of accessibility, or a checklist as a substitute for listening to people."},{"title":"Keep the same meaning for people and machines.","body":"Start with clear writing and meaningful HTML: headings, lists, labels and real links. Add structured data or public data formats when useful, using the same facts, sources and limitations a person can read. Machine access is another pathway, not a substitute for human access.","avoid":"Important text available only inside an image, hidden claims written just for bots, or private information exposed through a public feed or share card."},{"title":"Make public work discoverable and attributable.","body":"Use clear page titles, dedicated URLs, accurate descriptions, canonical links and a maintained sitemap. Give public claims a source, author and relevant date. Check crawling and indexing deliberately; protect private material with access controls. Search and AI visibility need continuing observation.","avoid":"Keyword stuffing, invented expertise, guaranteed rankings or AI citations, and treating a robots file as a privacy boundary."},{"title":"Design for quick, stable and responsive use.","body":"Respect a person’s time, device and data. Budget images, fonts, JavaScript and third-party requests; reserve space so content does not jump. Use Lighthouse and PageSpeed Insights to investigate problems, then compare real-user data where available. Record the device, route, conditions and date of a test.","avoid":"An impressive animation that delays the task, downloading everything upfront, or tuning one score while the real experience gets worse."},{"title":"Help people recover when something goes wrong.","body":"Design loading, empty, error and permission states alongside the happy path. Preserve entered work where appropriate, explain what happened and offer a useful retry or next step. Confirm consequential actions from the system that actually performed them.","avoid":"Endless spinners, silent failures, unexplained data loss, and a success message that only means someone clicked a button."},{"title":"Check the result before calling it finished.","body":"A preview, a tested function and a released product are different stages. Inspect the rendered experience, follow the promised paths and record what was checked, what remains uncertain and what needs work next.","avoid":"Calling a screenshot a working product, a local change a deployment, or a successful click proof that an external action completed."}],"glossary":[{"term":"Accessibility","definition":"Making content and actions understandable and usable across different abilities, devices and ways of interacting. It includes access to meaning, as well as controls."},{"term":"Artificial intelligence (AI) discoverability","definition":"Making appropriate public content understandable and retrievable by AI-powered search and other systems. Useful, attributable content and sound technical foundations help; inclusion or citation is never guaranteed."},{"term":"Button","definition":"A control that performs an action, such as saving, submitting or opening a dialog. Its label should describe the result."},{"term":"Clear space","definition":"The breathing room around a brand asset that keeps other elements from crowding it. It is part of using the identity correctly."},{"term":"Conformance","definition":"Meeting the requirements of a named standard, version and level within a defined scope. A claim needs dated evaluation evidence; a target or automated score alone does not establish it."},{"term":"Contrast","definition":"The difference in relative brightness between foreground and background. Measure text and essential interface cues in their actual states, rather than judging a color palette by eye."},{"term":"Consent","definition":"An informed choice to permit a specific use or action. Explain the purpose and audience before the choice; ask again when the intended use changes."},{"term":"Data on demand (DoD)","definition":"Bringing relevant information forward when someone needs or asks for it, rather than loading or showing everything at once. Keep the initial view useful and the next request clear."},{"term":"Disclosure","definition":"Information someone needs to interpret a claim, image, limitation or choice fairly. For example: a scene is AI-generated, or a tool is still a prototype."},{"term":"Core Web Vitals","definition":"Real-user measures of loading, responsiveness and visual stability: LCP, INP and CLS. Keep field evidence separate from a simulated lab run."},{"term":"Fold","definition":"The boundary of the first visible screen before scrolling. It moves with screen size and orientation; design the opening hierarchy for that variation, not one fixed height."},{"term":"Hero","definition":"The opening composition of a page: usually its main headline, explanation and image or visual treatment. It should make the page’s purpose clear."},{"term":"Inclusive design","definition":"A practice of identifying exclusion, learning from people with different experiences and designing more ways to participate. Accessibility standards are one important part of that work."},{"term":"Keyboard focus","definition":"The current place where keyboard input will act. Focus should follow a useful order, remain visible, stay inside an open modal and return to a useful control when that modal closes."},{"term":"Lighthouse","definition":"An automated diagnostic tool for a page under specified conditions. Its performance, accessibility, best-practices and SEO scores cover particular checks; they are not certificates."},{"term":"Link","definition":"A route to a named destination. At DRKNYT, ordinary navigation opens a page, resource or experience; same-page jumps are reserved for labeled Skip and Back to top utilities."},{"term":"Lockup","definition":"The fixed arrangement of a brand’s mark and wordmark, sometimes including a divider or other approved element. Use the artwork as a whole."},{"term":"Machine-readable","definition":"Content whose structure and meaning software can interpret, such as semantic HTML, structured data or a documented JSON record. Preserve the same facts and access boundaries as the human view."},{"term":"Mark","definition":"The visual symbol of an identity. It can stand alone where the brand guide permits it; it is different from the written brand name."},{"term":"Minimum friction","definition":"The least unnecessary effort between a person and their goal. Reduce repetition and detours while preserving useful choices, consent, access checks and important confirmations."},{"term":"Modal","definition":"A dialog over the current page that temporarily makes the content behind it unavailable. Keyboard focus stays in the dialog until it closes, then returns to a useful place."},{"term":"Native disclosure","definition":"An in-page control that opens supporting information, such as the expandable example below. It reveals content without pretending to navigate."},{"term":"OpenID Connect (OIDC)","definition":"An identity layer used for federated sign-in. It lets a service verify a person through an identity provider. OIDC can reduce repeated account setup, but it is not inherently passwordless."},{"term":"OAuth 2.0","definition":"A framework for delegated authorization: granting an application limited access to a service. OIDC adds an identity layer for sign-in; OAuth alone should not be described as authentication."},{"term":"Passkey","definition":"A phishing-resistant sign-in credential based on public-key cryptography. The private key stays with the person’s device or credential provider, and a device unlock such as a PIN or biometric is not shared with the website."},{"term":"Web Authentication (WebAuthn)","definition":"The web standard applications use to request and verify public-key credentials, including passkeys. It is one part of the broader FIDO approach to authentication."},{"term":"Fast Identity Online (FIDO)","definition":"A family of open authentication standards built around public-key credentials. FIDO-based passkeys are designed to resist phishing and remove shared passwords from the website sign-in exchange."},{"term":"Passwordless","definition":"Sign-in without a reusable account password. Passkeys and email magic links can both be passwordless experiences, but their trust, recovery and phishing properties are different."},{"term":"Email magic link","definition":"A time-limited sign-in link sent to an email address. It depends on access to that email account and the security of the delivery path; it is not equivalent to an origin-bound passkey."},{"term":"Multi-factor authentication (MFA)","definition":"Sign-in that requires more than one independent factor, such as a credential plus a device or possession check. Two steps are not necessarily two independent factors."},{"term":"Single sign-on (SSO)","definition":"Using one identity-provider session to enter multiple connected services. SSO describes the shared sign-in experience; OIDC is one protocol that can support it."},{"term":"PageSpeed Insights","definition":"A Google service showing Lighthouse lab diagnostics and, where available, real-user Chrome UX Report data. Lab and field results answer different questions and may differ."},{"term":"Preview","definition":"A version for inspection. Our review previews stay passive: they do not send messages, record live analytics, take payment or change production state."},{"term":"Progressive disclosure","definition":"Showing the information needed now, with more detail available when it helps. It should reduce clutter without concealing a material condition."},{"term":"Provenance","definition":"The record of where something came from, who or what made it and how it changed. Keep known sources and transformations; identify gaps rather than inventing a history."},{"term":"Prototype","definition":"A model for exploring an idea or interaction. Its appearance alone does not establish that its features, accounts, payments or integrations work."},{"term":"Search engine optimization (SEO)","definition":"Search engine optimization: helping search engines discover, understand and present useful public pages. It includes content quality and technical foundations, not a promise of placement."},{"term":"Structured data","definition":"An explicit description of content and its relationships in a recognized format. It should agree with the visible page and does not guarantee a search feature or AI citation."},{"term":"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)","definition":"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Our public accessibility policy names WCAG 2.2 Level AA as a target; this guide does not establish current site-wide conformance."},{"term":"Wordmark","definition":"The name of a brand drawn as identity artwork. A heading in a similar typeface is not a replacement for the source wordmark."},{"term":"Vector artwork","definition":"Artwork described by shapes and paths instead of a fixed grid of pixels. It can be resized without making its edges blocky. The logo still needs enough space to be recognizable at the actual size."}],"termNotes":[{"term":"accessibility","definition":"Making information and controls usable by people with different abilities and ways of interacting.","source":{"href":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/conformance","label":"W3C conformance guidance"}},{"term":"passwordless","definition":"Signing in without a reusable account password. Email links and passkeys are two methods, with different security and recovery needs."},{"term":"UI","definition":"User interface: the controls and information a person uses on a screen."},{"term":"API","definition":"Application programming interface: an agreed way for software systems to request information or actions from each other."},{"term":"native","definition":"Built into the browser, rather than recreated with a separate custom control.","source":{"href":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/practices/keyboard-interface/","label":"W3C keyboard guidance"}},{"term":"lab tests","aliases":["lab test","lab diagnostics","lab run","simulated lab run"],"definition":"Controlled simulations of a visit. They help find problems but can differ from what happens during real visits.","source":{"href":"https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/v5/about","label":"Google on PageSpeed Insights"}},{"term":"rendered","aliases":["render","renderer"],"definition":"Turned into the page or experience a person can actually see and use."},{"term":"URL","aliases":["URLs"],"definition":"Uniform Resource Locator: the address of a web page or resource."},{"term":"AI","definition":"Artificial intelligence: software that produces or interprets material from patterns in data.","source":{"href":"https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ai-features","label":"Google AI search guidance"}},{"term":"SEO","definition":"Search engine optimization: improving public content and its technical setup so search engines can find and understand it.","source":{"href":"https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ai-features","label":"Google AI search guidance"}},{"term":"WCAG","definition":"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines: testable requirements for making web content more accessible.","source":{"href":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/conformance","label":"W3C conformance guidance"}},{"term":"AA","definition":"Level Double-A: the middle level of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. It includes the applicable basic and intermediate requirements.","source":{"href":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/conformance","label":"W3C conformance guidance"}},{"term":"W3C","definition":"World Wide Web Consortium: the organization that develops open standards and accessibility guidance for the web.","source":{"href":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/conformance","label":"W3C conformance guidance"}},{"term":"HTML","definition":"HyperText Markup Language: the elements that give a web page its structure and meaning."},{"term":"JSON","definition":"JavaScript Object Notation: a text format for exchanging named values, lists and records between systems."},{"term":"OIDC","aliases":["OpenID Connect"],"definition":"OpenID Connect: a way for a service to check who is signing in through another trusted service. It does not necessarily remove the need for a password.","source":{"href":"https://openid.net/developers/how-connect-works/","label":"OpenID Connect overview"}},{"term":"OAuth","aliases":["OAuth 2.0"],"definition":"A framework for granting an application limited access to another service. It controls permitted actions; it does not establish identity by itself.","source":{"href":"https://openid.net/developers/how-connect-works/","label":"OpenID Connect overview"}},{"term":"WebAuthn","definition":"Web Authentication: the web standard used to request and check sign-in keys tied to the real website, instead of a reusable password.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"FIDO","definition":"Fast Identity Online: open standards for sign-in with a pair of security keys instead of a password shared with the website.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"PIN","definition":"Personal identification number: a short secret used locally to unlock a device or sign-in key. A passkey device unlock number is not sent to the website.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"MFA","definition":"Multi-factor authentication: sign-in that checks more than one independent kind of proof."},{"term":"SSO","definition":"Single sign-on: using one trusted sign-in session to enter multiple connected services.","source":{"href":"https://openid.net/developers/how-connect-works/","label":"OpenID Connect overview"}},{"term":"UX","definition":"User experience: what a person encounters while trying to understand and complete a task."},{"term":"LCP","definition":"Largest Contentful Paint: a measure of when the largest visible image or text block appears.","source":{"href":"https://web.dev/articles/vitals","label":"Google Web Vitals guidance"}},{"term":"INP","definition":"Interaction to Next Paint: a measure of how quickly a page visibly responds to a person’s actions.","source":{"href":"https://web.dev/articles/vitals","label":"Google Web Vitals guidance"}},{"term":"CLS","definition":"Cumulative Layout Shift: a measure of unexpected movement in the page layout.","source":{"href":"https://web.dev/articles/vitals","label":"Google Web Vitals guidance"}},{"term":"ACR","aliases":["ACRs"],"definition":"Accessibility Conformance Report: a dated report describing how a specific product or version meets named accessibility requirements.","source":{"href":"https://www.itic.org/policy/accessibility/vpat","label":"ITI on VPATs and ACRs"}},{"term":"VPAT","aliases":["VPATs"],"definition":"Voluntary Product Accessibility Template: a standard template used to write an Accessibility Conformance Report. The blank template is not a certification.","source":{"href":"https://www.itic.org/policy/accessibility/vpat","label":"ITI on VPATs and ACRs"}},{"term":"ITI","definition":"Information Technology Industry Council: the organization that publishes the Voluntary Product Accessibility Templates.","source":{"href":"https://www.itic.org/policy/accessibility/vpat","label":"ITI on VPATs and ACRs"}},{"term":"IAAP","definition":"International Association of Accessibility Professionals: an organization that provides credentials to qualifying individuals.","source":{"href":"https://www.accessibilityassociation.org/certification","label":"IAAP certifications"}},{"term":"ISO","definition":"International Organization for Standardization: an organization that publishes standards agreed by participating national standards bodies.","source":{"href":"https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html","label":"ISO 9241-210"}},{"term":"DoD","definition":"Data on demand: bringing forward the relevant information when a person needs or requests it."},{"term":"machine-readable","definition":"Structured so software can identify the content and its meaning instead of guessing from appearance."},{"term":"structured data","definition":"Named facts and relationships written in a recognized format for software to interpret."},{"term":"conformance","definition":"Meeting the requirements of a named standard, version and level within a clearly stated scope.","source":{"href":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/conformance","label":"W3C conformance guidance"}},{"term":"modal","definition":"A dialog that temporarily makes the page behind it unavailable until the dialog closes.","source":{"href":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/dialog-modal/","label":"W3C modal dialog pattern"}},{"term":"lockup","definition":"A fixed arrangement of a brand symbol and its drawn name. It should be used as one piece of artwork."},{"term":"wordmark","definition":"A brand name drawn as identity artwork rather than ordinary typed text."},{"term":"vector","aliases":["vector artwork","vector file","vector files"],"definition":"Artwork described by shapes and paths rather than a fixed grid of pixels. Its edges stay clean when resized, but a placement can still be too small to read.","source":{"href":"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG","label":"SVG format explained"}},{"term":"SVG","definition":"Scalable Vector Graphics: a file format for shapes and paths. Our logo lettering is saved as shapes, so its appearance does not depend on an installed font.","source":{"href":"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG","label":"SVG format explained"}},{"term":"PNG","definition":"Portable Network Graphics: an image format with a fixed grid of pixels. Export it from the source artwork at the size the destination needs."},{"term":"raster","definition":"An image stored as a fixed grid of pixels, rather than paths. Enlarging it too far can make its edges look soft or blocky."},{"term":"ZIP","definition":"A compressed archive that keeps several files together in one download. Extract it to see the artwork, policy and file list inside."},{"term":"palette","definition":"A defined set of colors, with a role for each one. A brand palette still needs contrast checks in the actual layout."},{"term":"outlined","aliases":["outlines"],"definition":"Lettering saved as drawn shapes instead of editable font characters. This keeps the logo consistent even when the font is not installed."},{"term":"infrared","definition":"The name of DRKNYT’s warm signal treatment in its light-surface identity artwork. It describes the supplied color treatment, not infrared sensing technology."},{"term":"verification hashes","aliases":["verification hash"],"definition":"Calculated file fingerprints used to check that downloaded bytes match the recorded version. They check file integrity, not ownership, approval or safety by themselves."},{"term":"provenance","definition":"A record of where material came from, how it changed and which facts about that history remain unknown."},{"term":"Core Web Vitals","definition":"Google’s three main real-visit measures for loading speed, response to input and unexpected movement on the page.","source":{"href":"https://web.dev/articles/vitals","label":"Google Web Vitals guidance"}},{"term":"canonical links","aliases":["canonical link"],"definition":"Page markers that identify the preferred public web address for the same or very similar content."},{"term":"public-key","aliases":["public-key credential","public-key credentials"],"definition":"A security method using a public part a service can store and a private part that stays with the person’s device or their sign-in service.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"origin-bound","definition":"Restricted to the real website address, which helps stop a sign-in key from working on a look-alike site.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"federated sign-in","definition":"Signing in to one service through another trusted service that checks who you are.","source":{"href":"https://openid.net/developers/how-connect-works/","label":"OpenID Connect overview"}},{"term":"passkey","aliases":["passkeys"],"definition":"A sign-in key tied to the real website, designed to resist imitation sites. DRKNYT does not currently claim passkey sign-in.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"phishing","definition":"An attempt to trick someone into giving sign-in details or sensitive information to an imitation or dishonest destination.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"identity provider","definition":"A service that verifies a person’s identity for another service when signing in through that service.","source":{"href":"https://openid.net/developers/how-connect-works/","label":"OpenID Connect overview"}},{"term":"authentication","definition":"Checking who is signing in."},{"term":"authorization","definition":"Deciding which information or actions a person or application is allowed to access."},{"term":"native disclosure","definition":"A built-in page control that opens and closes supporting information without navigating elsewhere."},{"term":"progressive disclosure","definition":"Showing the information needed now while keeping more detail available when it becomes useful."},{"term":"Lighthouse","definition":"An automated tool that runs selected diagnostics on a web page under stated test conditions."},{"term":"PageSpeed Insights","definition":"A Google service that shows automated page diagnostics and, when available, real-visit performance data.","source":{"href":"https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/v5/about","label":"Google on PageSpeed Insights"}},{"term":"semantic HTML","definition":"HyperText Markup Language elements chosen for what content means, such as headings, lists, links, buttons and labels."},{"term":"screen reader","aliases":["screen-reader","screen readers"],"definition":"Software that presents screen content through speech, braille or both."},{"term":"reduced motion","aliases":["reduced-motion"],"definition":"A device preference asking interfaces to limit nonessential movement and animation."},{"term":"schema","definition":"A defined set of fields and relationships used to organize and validate information."},{"term":"field data","aliases":["field evidence"],"definition":"Measurements collected from real visits, kept separate from a simulated test run.","source":{"href":"https://web.dev/articles/vitals","label":"Google Web Vitals guidance"}},{"term":"75th percentile","definition":"A value that at least three quarters of the measured visits meet or improve upon.","source":{"href":"https://web.dev/articles/vitals","label":"Google Web Vitals guidance"}},{"term":"contrast","definition":"The measurable brightness difference between foreground information and its background."},{"term":"biometric","definition":"A body-based device unlock, such as a fingerprint or face check. When signing in with a passkey, the website does not receive the face or fingerprint data.","source":{"href":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/","label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys"}},{"term":"sitemap","definition":"A file listing public web addresses that a site wants search systems to discover."},{"term":"robots file","aliases":["robots.txt"],"definition":"A public file that gives crawlers instructions. It is not access control and cannot keep private material private."}],"standards":[{"name":"WCAG 2.2 Level AA","kind":"Accessibility target","explanation":"Our public accessibility policy names this target. Level AA includes the applicable Level A and AA criteria. Evaluation must cover complete pages and processes in its stated scope, using automated and human checks.","limit":"A target is not a conformance finding. A selection of passing pages or a 100 automated score does not establish site-wide conformance.","source":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/conformance","sourceLabel":"W3C conformance guidance"},{"name":"Lighthouse & PageSpeed Insights","kind":"Diagnostic tools","explanation":"Lighthouse provides lab diagnostics. PageSpeed Insights also shows real-user data where enough is available. Record the URL, date, tool version, device mode and conditions; investigate the actual loading and interaction problems.","limit":"Scores vary by conditions and coverage. Lighthouse’s accessibility score excludes manual audits; it is not a certificate or a complete accessibility evaluation.","source":"https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/v5/about","sourceLabel":"About PageSpeed Insights"},{"name":"Core Web Vitals","kind":"Real-user performance benchmarks","explanation":"Assess loading, responsiveness and visual stability using LCP, INP and CLS. The good thresholds below apply at the 75th percentile of visits, with mobile and desktop assessed separately.","limit":"These are reference benchmarks, not measured results for this page. An absence of field data is an unknown, not a pass.","source":"https://web.dev/articles/vitals","sourceLabel":"Google’s Web Vitals guidance"},{"name":"Evaluation reports and ACRs","kind":"Dated evidence","explanation":"A useful audit identifies the evaluated product, version, pages and journeys, methods, assessor, date, findings and limitations. A VPAT is a template; a completed product-specific report is an Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR).","limit":"ITI does not certify VPATs. A report describes evaluated conformance; its presence alone is not a blanket certificate or legal assurance.","source":"https://www.itic.org/policy/accessibility/vpat","sourceLabel":"ITI on VPATs and ACRs"}],"contrastGuidance":[{"subject":"Normal text","minimum":"4.5:1","note":"WCAG AA minimum contrast against its background."},{"subject":"Qualifying large text","minimum":"3:1","note":"At least 18pt regular or 14pt bold; use the actual delivered size."},{"subject":"Essential interface cues and graphics","minimum":"3:1","note":"Against adjacent colors, where the non-text contrast criterion applies."}],"performanceBenchmarks":[{"metric":"LCP","meaning":"Main content loads","good":"≤ 2.5 seconds"},{"metric":"INP","meaning":"The page responds","good":"≤ 200 milliseconds"},{"metric":"CLS","meaning":"The layout stays stable","good":"≤ 0.1"}],"certificationNote":"A standard defines requirements. An evaluation records findings against them. A certification needs a named issuer, a clear statement of what was assessed, a defined scope and valid dates. This guide does not establish an independent certification or a site-wide conformance claim.","credentialNote":"IAAP credentials belong to named individuals. ISO 9241-210 describes human-centred design activities; citing a process standard does not certify a website. Any credential or certification we publish must be current, verifiable and tied to its actual scope.","referenceLinks":[{"label":"W3C keyboard interface guidance","url":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/practices/keyboard-interface/"},{"label":"W3C modal dialog pattern","url":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/dialog-modal/"},{"label":"OpenID Connect overview","url":"https://openid.net/developers/how-connect-works/"},{"label":"FIDO Alliance on passkeys","url":"https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/"},{"label":"W3C text contrast","url":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/contrast-minimum.html"},{"label":"W3C non-text contrast","url":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/non-text-contrast.html"},{"label":"Lighthouse accessibility scoring","url":"https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/accessibility/scoring"},{"label":"Microsoft Inclusive Design","url":"https://inclusive.microsoft.design/"},{"label":"Google’s AI search guidance","url":"https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ai-features"},{"label":"W3C on conformance-logo claims","url":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG2AA-Conformance"},{"label":"IAAP professional certifications","url":"https://www.accessibilityassociation.org/certification"},{"label":"ISO 9241-210","url":"https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html"}],"privacy":"Public guide content only. This representation grants no access to private product or client information."}